Miranda Blake
Новини и актуализации • 3 мин. четене

Директива за работното време на водачите: Ръководство за шофьори на камиони

Създаден: 25.10.2024

Актуализирано: 29.10.2024

Като шофьор на камион в Обединеното кралство е изключително важно да познавате добре сложните разпоредби относно работното време и периодите на почивка на водачите. Директивата за работното време на шофьорите, известна още като Директива за автомобилния транспорт, е набор от правила, които уреждат максималния брой часове, които може да работи един шофьор, задължителните почивки, които трябва да прави, и задължителните периоди на почивка, които трябва да спазва. Неспазването на тези разпоредби може да доведе до големи глоби и дори до блокиране на автомобила ви.

Разбиране на Директивата за работното време на водачите

Директивата за работното време на водачите е законодателен акт на Европейския съюз, който има за цел да гарантира безопасността на всички участници в движението по пътищата чрез предотвратяване на произшествия, свързани с умора. Правилата за работното време на водачите се прилагат за лицата, които управляват превозни средства с тегло над 3,5 тона, независимо от това дали лицето извършва дейност в рамките на Обединеното кралство или на територията на ЕС.

Дневни ограничения за шофиране

Съгласно WTD за водачите на камиони в Обединеното кралство важи ограничение от 9 часа дневно, което може да бъде увеличено до 10 часа максимум два пъти седмично. След 4,5 часа непрекъснато или периодично шофиране водачите трябва да направят почивка от поне 45 минути. Като алтернатива те могат да изберат разделена почивка, като първата е поне 15 минути, а втората - поне 30 минути.

Седмични и двуседмични ограничения за шофиране

За водачите на камиони в Обединеното кралство има седмичен лимит за шофиране, който е 56 часа, а двуседмичният лимит е 90 часа. Това означава, че ако един водач натрупа 56 часа за една седмица, той може да работи само 34 часа през следващата седмица, за да не надхвърли двуседмичния лимит от 90 часа.

Ограничения на работното време

В допълнение към ограниченията на времето за управление на превозното средство, WTD налага и ограничения на общия брой часове, които водачът може да работи седмично. Средното седмично работно време, включващо както задачите по управление на превозното средство, така и задачите, които не са свързани с управлението на превозното средство, не трябва да надвишава 48 часа, изчислено за 17-седмичен или 26-седмичен референтен период. Максималната продължителност на работното време за една седмица е 60 часа, при условие че средната продължителност от 48 часа не е надхвърлена.

Периоди на почивка

WTD изисква водачите на тежкотоварни автомобили да ползват дневна почивка от поне 11 последователни часа, която може да бъде разделена на два периода, като първият е с продължителност поне 3 часа. Шофьорите могат да изберат и намалена дневна почивка от 9 часа, но това може да се прави само до три пъти седмично. Освен това седмичната почивка от поне 45 часа е задължителна, въпреки че тя може да бъде намалена на 24 часа веднъж в рамките на 2 седмици.

Освобождавания

Въпреки че WTD се прилага за повечето водачи на камиони в Обединеното кралство, има някои изключения, които могат да се прилагат при специфични обстоятелства. Например от тези, които не шофират повече от 10 пъти в рамките на 26-седмичен период или 15 пъти в рамките на период, надвишаващ 26 седмици, може да не се изисква да следят своята директива за работното време.

Последици от неспазването на изискванията

Неспазването на WTD може да има сериозни последици както за водачите, така и за операторите на автопаркове. Шофьорите, хванати в нарушение на разпоредбите, могат да бъдат глобени с до 1500 GBP, а ако нарушат правилата повече от 5 пъти в рамките на 28 дни, могат да бъдат изправени пред съда и автомобилът им да бъде спрян от движение.

За операторите на автопаркове е важно да поддържат съответствие в целия автопарк. Пренебрегването на прилагането на достатъчни мерки за наблюдение и изпълнение на WTD може да доведе до издаване на известие за подобряване от страна на DVSA, а в краен случай и до изискване за прекратяване на дейността до решаване на проблемите.

Значение на интегрираните с тахографите решения за управление на автопарка

За да управляват ефективно работните часове на водачите и да гарантират спазването на WTD, операторите на автопаркове трябва да обмислят инвестирането в интегрирани с тахографите решения за управление на автопарка. Тези специално разработени технологии позволяват ефективно наблюдение на поведението на водачите и автоматично регистриране на данните за шофирането и работното време, което прави практически невъзможно неспазването на изискванията да остане незабелязано.

Като си партнират с надежден доставчик като SNAP, операторите на автопаркове могат да използват най-съвременните инструменти за управление на автопаркове и да получат достъп до широка мрежа от партньори за услуги, като се уверят, че техните водачи разполагат с необходимата подкрепа, за да спазват изискванията и да са в безопасност на пътя.

Въздействие на недостига на водачи

Трябва да се има предвид и недостигът на водачи в Обединеното кралство. Това се оказва голям проблем в индустрията. В индустрията се наблюдава спад на шофьорите на тежкотоварни камиони - пандемията забави 30 000 изпита за нови шофьори, а Брекзит удари сериозно компаниите за автопаркове - много европейски шофьори на камиони напуснаха Обединеното кралство.

В доклада на SNAP за 2023 г. се посочва, че секторът може да достигне "критична точка" през следващите 10-15 години. Може да се окаже, че Директивата за работното време на водачите е точно това, от което се нуждае индустрията, за да направи професията отново желана и да осигури по-добър баланс за водачите. Научете повече за това какво може да се направи за справяне с недостига на водачи, като прочетете доклада.

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