Miranda Blake
Novinky a aktualizace • 3 min čtení

Průvodce řidiče kamionu zimou v Evropě

Vytvořeno: 16.10.2024

Aktualizováno: 11.11.2024

Řidiči nákladních vozidel čelí v chladném období roku jedinečným výzvám a povinnostem. Dochází k nárůstu vážných dopravních nehod, přičemž 33 % pojistných událostí vzniklých v tomto období je považováno za vážné.

Příprava je tedy klíčová. Zde vám poradíme, jak mohou řidiči nákladních vozidel v zimě zůstat v bezpečí na silnici i v kabině.

Navigace v bouřlivých podmínkách

Klíčové je jezdit pomalu a dodržovat bezpečnou vzdálenost od ostatních vozidel - zejména v zaplavených oblastech. Měli byste zařadit nízký rychlostní stupeň a udržovat motor v nízkých otáčkách.

Následující tipy vám pomohou i při jízdě v bouřlivém počasí.

  • Pokud na vodní hladině ztratíte kontrolu nad vozidlem, zpomalte tak, že uvolníte nohu z plynového pedálu - nepokoušejte se prudce brzdit nebo zatáčet.
  • Vyšší vozidla jsou náchylnější k silnému větru - dbejte na pevné držení volantu a pokud možno se vyhýbejte mostům.
  • Pokud je váš vůz prázdný, cestujte s otevřenými bočními závěsy. Tímto způsobem se toho ve větru zachytí méně.

Správa sněhu a ledu

Na náledí a sněhu byste také měli jet sníženou rychlostí a dodržovat potřebný odstup od vozidla před vámi. Ve skutečnosti se doporučuje prodloužit brzdnou dráhu na desetinásobek běžné hodnoty - to však může být obtížné posoudit. Průzkum společnosti Admiral zjistil, že černý led je v zimě příčinou 10 % nehod. To, že jedete na černém ledu, poznáte podle toho, že silnice vypadá jako mokrá, ale z ostatních vozidel se neozývá žádný postřik.

Mezi další tipy, které vám pomohou při jízdě na sněhu, patří pravidelná kontrola vozu a zajištění veškerého potřebného vybavení před cestou, jako jsou kabely a nářadí na odstraňování námrazy. Kromě toho si vždy uvědomte, jaký rychlostní stupeň byste měli mít, protože to vás může zachránit před ztrátou kontroly nad vozem. Na rovném povrchu jeďte na nejvyšší možný převodový stupeň. Při jízdě z kopce využívejte motorovou brzdu a jezděte na nízké převodové stupně. Abyste se vyhnuli protáčení kol, zařaďte při rozjíždění vyšší rychlostní stupeň - získáte tak trakci potřebnou k pohybu vozidla.

Zajištění viditelnosti

Vzhledem k tomu, že nebezpečné dálnice a vnější faktory negativně ovlivňují viditelnost a způsobují nehody nákladních vozidel, je viditelnost klíčová za každého počasí, zejména když je chladněji. Nezapomeňte proto zkontrolovat, zda na čelním skle nejsou praskliny nebo vrypy, protože v chladnějších měsících se mohou rychleji šířit.

Kromě toho chcete mít co nejlepší viditelnost světel, registrační značky a čelního skla. Kromě čištění od sněhu a nečistot je vhodné vozidlo pravidelně mýt, aby se na něm nehromadila silniční sůl (ta způsobuje korozi).

Pokud je špatná viditelnost a podmínky se stanou zrádnými, je nejlepší sjet ze silnice a odpočinout si na nejbližším odpočívadle pro kamiony. Pokud nakonec potřebujete překročit počet hodin řízení, pak můžete využít zvláštní výjimku pro řidiče, kteří uvízli za výjimečných okolností, jako jsou extrémní povětrnostní jevy.

Hodnocení hloubky dezénu pneumatiky

Nízké teploty mohou také ovlivnit funkčnost pneumatik, protože mohou způsobit snížení tlaku vzduchu. A opotřebované pneumatiky bohužel prodlužují brzdnou dráhu a snižují úroveň stability na mokré a zledovatělé vozovce, protože nízký dezén způsobuje klouzání.

Proto je dobré před každou jízdou v bouřce a jiných nepříznivých podmínkách zkontrolovat hloubku dezénu - budete tak vědět, kdy je třeba řešit vzniklé problémy.

Dodržování předpisů pro zimní pneumatiky

Je také důležité znát různé předpisy pro zimní pneumatiky. V některých zemích musí řidiči vozit pytle s pískem a lopaty, zatímco v jiných jsou povinné sněhové řetězy. Společnost Continental sestavila jednoduchého průvodce požadavky na zimní pneumatiky pro Velkou Británii a Evropu.

Od 1. listopadu jsou zimní pneumatiky povinné v:

  • Rakousko
  • Česká republika
  • Finsko
  • Francie
  • Litva
  • Srbsko

V jiných zemích jsou povinné později v měsíci nebo v prosinci nebo jsou závislé na povětrnostních podmínkách. Pokud jde o pneumatiky s hroty, v níže uvedených zemích jsou sice povoleny, ale platí pro ně přísná pravidla. Před cestou si raději ověřte předpisy jednotlivých zemí.

  • Rakousko
  • Bělorusko
  • Dánsko
  • Estonsko
  • Finsko
  • Francie
  • Velká Británie
  • Lotyšsko
  • Lichtenštejnsko
  • Litva
  • Norsko
  • Španělsko
  • Švédsko
  • Švýcarsko
  • Turecko
  • Ukrajina

Přinášíme příslušné zásoby

Musíte také myslet na to, jak se o sebe v zimě postarat. Bude to znít jako samozřejmost, ale ujistěte se, že máte přístup k dostatečnému množství jídla a pití. Vzhledem ke zvýšené pravděpodobnosti uzavírek silnic v chladnějším období se vám nemusí vždy podařit dostat se na zastávku pro kamiony. Přijeďte připraveni s možností svačiny nebo jídla a ideálně i s horkým nápojem v placatce.

Zejména pokud nemáte přístup k místu, kde byste si mohli odpočinout, zajistěte si teplo. Vezměte si s sebou například dobíjecí vyhřívací balíčky. Stejně tak mějte vždy po ruce teplé a náhradní oblečení; to se vám bude hodit zejména v případě, že vám oděv prochladne a zmokne při úkonech, jako je odstraňování sněhu z čelního skla.

V ideálním případě byste měli mít zimní výbavu - například jídlo, pití, přenosnou nabíječku na telefon, svítilnu, přikrývky, vestu s vysokou viditelností, lopatu a odolnou obuv na chůzi.

Zajištění přístupu k odpočívadlům s intruckem

Počasí sice neovlivníte, ale sebe i ostatní na silnici ochránit můžete. K tomu patří i zajištění bezpečného místa k zaparkování, a to co nejdříve. Naše aplikace intruck nebo stránka s mapami vám poskytne informace o poskytovatelích služeb v okolí spolu s informacemi o zařízeních, která každý z nich nabízí.

Aplikaci intruck si můžete stáhnout ještě dnes kliknutím na tento odkaz.

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