Miranda Blake
Naujienos ir atnaujinimai • 3 min perskaityti

Vairuotojų darbo laiko direktyva: Sunkvežimių vairuotojų vadovas

Sukurta: 25-10-2024

Atnaujinta: 29-10-2024

Dirbant sunkvežimio vairuotoju Jungtinėje Karalystėje, labai svarbu gerai išmanyti sudėtingas taisykles, reglamentuojančias vairuotojų darbo ir poilsio laiką. Vairuotojų darbo laiko direktyva (WTD), dar vadinama Kelių transporto direktyva, yra taisyklių rinkinys, reglamentuojantis maksimalų vairuotojo darbo valandų skaičių, privalomas pertraukas ir privalomus poilsio laikotarpius. Už šių taisyklių nesilaikymą gali būti skiriamos didelės baudos ir net konfiskuojama transporto priemonė.

Vairuotojų darbo laiko direktyvos supratimas

Vairuotojų darbo laiko direktyva - tai Europos Sąjungos teisės aktas, kuriuo siekiama užtikrinti visų eismo dalyvių saugą užkertant kelią su nuovargiu susijusiems nelaimingiems atsitikimams. Vairuotojų darbo laiko taisyklės taikomos asmenims, vairuojantiems transporto priemones, sveriančias daugiau kaip 3,5 tonos, nepriklausomai nuo to, ar asmuo dirba Jungtinėje Karalystėje, ar visoje ES.

Dienos vairavimo apribojimai

Pagal WTD sunkvežimių vairuotojams JK galioja 9 valandų vairavimo dienos limitas, kuris gali būti padidintas iki 10 valandų ne daugiau kaip du kartus per savaitę. Po 4,5 valandos nepertraukiamo ar pertraukiamo vairavimo vairuotojai privalo daryti ne trumpesnę kaip 45 minučių pertrauką. Arba jie gali pasirinkti dalinę pertrauką, kai pirmoji pertrauka trunka ne mažiau kaip 15 minučių, o antroji - ne mažiau kaip 30 minučių.

Savaitės ir dviejų savaičių vairavimo apribojimai

JK sunkvežimių vairuotojams nustatytas savaitės vairavimo limitas - 56 valandos, o dviejų savaičių - 90 valandų. Tai reiškia, kad jei vairuotojas per savaitę dirba 56 valandas, kitą savaitę jis gali dirbti tik 34 valandas, kad neviršytų 90 valandų per dvi savaites ribos.

Darbo laiko ribos

Be vairavimo laiko apribojimų, WTD taip pat nustatomi apribojimai dėl bendro valandų skaičiaus, kurį vairuotojas gali dirbti per savaitę. Vidutinis savaitės darbo laikas, apimantis tiek vairavimo, tiek su vairavimu nesusijusias užduotis, negali viršyti 48 valandų, skaičiuojant per 17 arba 26 savaičių ataskaitinį laikotarpį. Maksimalus darbo laikas per vieną savaitę yra 60 valandų, jei neviršijamas 48 valandų vidurkis.

Poilsio laikotarpiai

WTD reikalauja, kad sunkiasvorių sunkvežimių vairuotojai kasdien ilsėtųsi ne trumpiau kaip 11 valandų iš eilės, kurios gali būti padalytos į du laikotarpius, kurių pirmasis trunka ne mažiau kaip 3 valandas. Vairuotojai taip pat gali pasirinkti sutrumpintą kasdienio poilsio laiką - 9 valandas, tačiau tai galima daryti ne daugiau kaip tris kartus per savaitę. Be to, privalomas ne trumpesnis kaip 45 valandų savaitinis poilsio laikotarpis, tačiau vieną kartą per 2 savaites jį galima sutrumpinti iki 24 valandų.

Išimtys

Nors WTD taikoma daugumai JK sunkvežimių vairuotojų, tam tikromis aplinkybėmis gali būti taikomos tam tikros išimtys. Pavyzdžiui, tiems, kurie per 26 savaičių laikotarpį vairuoja ne daugiau kaip 10 kartų arba 15 kartų per ilgesnį nei 26 savaičių laikotarpį, gali būti nereikalaujama stebėti savo darbo laiko direktyvos.

Nesilaikymo pasekmės

WTD nesilaikymas gali turėti rimtų pasekmių tiek vairuotojams, tiek transporto priemonių parko operatoriams. Vairuotojams, pagautiems pažeidusiems taisykles, gali būti skirta iki 1 500 svarų sterlingų bauda, o jei taisykles pažeidžia daugiau kaip 5 kartus per 28 dienas, jie gali būti patraukti atsakomybėn ir jų transporto priemonė gali būti konfiskuota.

Transporto priemonių parko operatoriams tenka pareiga užtikrinti atitiktį visame transporto priemonių parke. Neįgyvendinus pakankamų WTD stebėsenos ir vykdymo užtikrinimo priemonių, DVSA gali išduoti įspėjimą dėl patobulinimo, o kraštutiniais atvejais - reikalavimą nutraukti veiklą, kol problemos bus išspręstos.

Su tachografais integruotų parko valdymo sprendimų svarba

Norėdami veiksmingai valdyti vairuotojų darbo laiką ir užtikrinti, kad būtų laikomasi WTD, parko operatoriai turėtų apsvarstyti galimybę investuoti į su tachografais integruotus parko valdymo sprendimus. Šios specialiai sukurtos technologijos leidžia veiksmingai stebėti vairuotojų elgesį ir automatiškai registruoti vairavimo ir darbo laiko duomenis, todėl praktiškai neįmanoma nepastebėti reikalavimų nesilaikymo.

Bendradarbiaudami su tokiu patikimu paslaugų teikėju kaip SNAP, transporto priemonių parkų operatoriai gali naudotis pažangiausiomis transporto priemonių parkų valdymo priemonėmis ir gauti prieigą prie išsamaus paslaugų partnerių tinklo, kad jų vairuotojai turėtų reikiamą pagalbą, užtikrinančią, jog kelyje jie laikytųsi reikalavimų ir būtų saugūs.

Vairuotojų trūkumo poveikis

Taip pat reikia atsižvelgti į vairuotojų trūkumą Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Paaiškėjo, kad tai yra didelė pramonės problema. Pramonėje sumažėjo sunkiasvorių sunkvežimių vairuotojų - dėl pandemijos buvo atidėta 30 000 naujų vairuotojų egzaminų, o "Brexit" skaudžiai smogė automobilių parkų bendrovėms - daug Europos sunkvežimių vairuotojų išvyko iš Jungtinės Karalystės.

2023 m. SNAP ataskaitoje teigiama, kad per ateinančius 10-15 metų šis sektorius gali pasiekti "lūžio tašką". Gali paaiškėti, kad Vairuotojų darbo laiko direktyva yra kaip tik tai, ko reikia pramonei, kad ši profesija vėl taptų geidžiama ir vairuotojams būtų užtikrinta geresnė pusiausvyra. Sužinokite daugiau apie tai, ką galima padaryti, kad būtų išspręsta vairuotojų trūkumo problema [skaitykite ataskaitą] (https://snapacc.com/tipping-point/).

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